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CVE-2023-41052

LOW
Published 2023-09-04T17:36:23.480Z
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CVSS Score

V3.1
3.7
/10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Base Score Metrics
Exploitability: N/A Impact: N/A

EPSS Score

v2025.03.14
0.001
probability
of exploitation in the wild

There is a 0.1% chance that this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days.

Updated: 2025-06-25
Exploit Probability
Percentile: 0.219
Higher than 21.9% of all CVEs

Attack Vector Metrics

Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
HIGH
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED

Impact Metrics

Confidentiality
NONE
Integrity
LOW
Availability
NONE

Description

Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language. In affected versions the order of evaluation of the arguments of the builtin functions `uint256_addmod`, `uint256_mulmod`, `ecadd` and `ecmul` does not follow source order. This behaviour is problematic when the evaluation of one of the arguments produces side effects that other arguments depend on. A patch is currently being developed on pull request #3583. When using builtins from the list above, users should make sure that the arguments of the expression do not produce side effects or, if one does, that no other argument is dependent on those side effects.

Understanding This Vulnerability

This Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) entry provides detailed information about a security vulnerability that has been publicly disclosed. CVEs are standardized identifiers assigned by MITRE Corporation to track and catalog security vulnerabilities across software and hardware products.

The severity rating (LOW) indicates the potential impact of this vulnerability based on the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) framework. Higher severity ratings typically indicate vulnerabilities that could lead to more significant security breaches if exploited. Security teams should prioritize remediation efforts based on severity, exploit availability, and the EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score, which predicts the likelihood of exploitation in the wild.

If this vulnerability affects products or systems in your infrastructure, we recommend reviewing the affected products section, checking for available patches or updates from vendors, and implementing recommended workarounds or solutions until a permanent fix is available. Organizations should also monitor security advisories and threat intelligence feeds for updates about active exploitation of this vulnerability.

Available Exploits

No exploits available for this CVE.

Related News

No news articles found for this CVE.

Affected Products

References

EU Vulnerability Database

Monitored by ENISA for EU cybersecurity

EU Coordination

Not EU Coordinated

Exploitation Status

No Known Exploitation

ENISA Analysis

Malicious code in bioql (PyPI)

Affected Products (ENISA)

vyperlang
vyper

ENISA Scoring

CVSS Score (3.1)

3.7
/10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

EPSS Score

0.070
probability

Data provided by ENISA EU Vulnerability Database. Last updated: October 3, 2025

GitHub Security Advisories

Community-driven vulnerability intelligence from GitHub

✓ GitHub Reviewed MODERATE

incorrect order of evaluation of side effects for some builtins

GHSA-4hg4-9mf5-wxxq

Advisory Details

### Impact The order of evaluation of the arguments of the builtin functions `uint256_addmod`, `uint256_mulmod`, `ecadd` and `ecmul` does not follow source order. • For `uint256_addmod(a,b,c)` and `uint256_mulmod(a,b,c)`, the order is `c,a,b`. • For `ecadd(a,b)` and `ecmul(a,b)`, the order is `b,a`. Note that this behaviour is problematic when the evaluation of one of the arguments produces side effects that other arguments depend on. ### Patches https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/3583 ### Workarounds When using builtins from the list above, make sure that the arguments of the expression do not produce side effects or, if one does, that no other argument is dependent on those side effects. ### References _Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_

Affected Packages

PyPI vyper
ECOSYSTEM: ≥0 <0.3.10rc1

CVSS Scoring

CVSS Score

5.0

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Advisory provided by GitHub Security Advisory Database. Published: September 4, 2023, Modified: November 19, 2024

References

Published: 2023-09-04T17:36:23.480Z
Last Modified: 2024-09-26T18:30:33.353Z
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