Null pointer dereference in ary_concat

Hi, The following file causes a segmentation fault in mruby, which also causes a segmentation fault in mruby-engine. I've minimized this file down to the bare bones what crashes it, then renamed variables and tidied so you can see what is needed and what isn't. ``` a=[0] b=nil a.each do |a| a = *case a when b redo end end ``` ``` $ ./dev/bin/mruby --version mruby 1.2.0 (2015-11-17) ``` ``` $ ./dev/bin/mruby crash.rb Segmentation fault: 11 ``` ``` $ lldb ./dev/bin/mruby crash.rb (lldb) target create "./dev/bin/mruby" Current executable set to './dev/bin/mruby' (x86_64). (lldb) settings set -- target.run-args "crash.rb" (lldb) r Process 22505 launched: './dev/bin/mruby' (x86_64) Process 22505 stopped * thread #1: tid = 0x576dfc2, 0x0000000100001c8b mruby`ary_concat + 27, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=1, address=0x18) frame #0: 0x0000000100001c8b mruby`ary_concat + 27 mruby`ary_concat: -> 0x100001c8b <+27>: movl 0x18(%rdx), %ecx 0x100001c8e <+30>: addl -0x1c(%rbp), %ecx 0x100001c91 <+33>: movl %ecx, -0x20(%rbp) 0x100001c94 <+36>: movq -0x8(%rbp), %rdi (lldb) bt * thread #1: tid = 0x576dfc2, 0x0000000100001c8b mruby`ary_concat + 27, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = EXC_BAD_ACCESS (code=1, address=0x18) * frame #0: 0x0000000100001c8b mruby`ary_concat + 27 frame #1: 0x0000000100001c66 mruby`mrb_ary_concat + 70 frame #2: 0x000000010004263f mruby`mrb_vm_exec + 25439 frame #3: 0x000000010003c2c7 mruby`mrb_vm_run + 135 frame #4: 0x00000001000446b4 mruby`mrb_top_run + 100 frame #5: 0x000000010006f19f mruby`load_exec + 1183 frame #6: 0x000000010006ece3 mruby`mrb_load_file_cxt + 67 frame #7: 0x0000000100000d78 mruby`main + 904 frame #8: 0x00007fff8a9db5ad libdyld.dylib`start + 1 (lldb) register read General Purpose Registers: rax = 0x000000010080f480 rbx = 0x0000000000000000 rcx = 0x0000000000000000 rdx = 0x0000000000000000 rdi = 0x0000000100202c80 rsi = 0x0000000000000000 rbp = 0x00007fff5fbfca40 rsp = 0x00007fff5fbfca20 r8 = 0x0000000000000000 r9 = 0x000000000000010e r10 = 0x9e006753f3831cf7 r11 = 0x0000000000786e70 r12 = 0x0000000000000000 r13 = 0x0000000000000000 r14 = 0x0000000000000000 r15 = 0x0000000000000000 rip = 0x0000000100001c8b mruby`ary_concat + 27 rflags = 0x0000000000010202 cs = 0x000000000000002b fs = 0x0000000000000000 gs = 0x0000000000000000 (lldb) q Quitting LLDB will kill one or more processes. Do you really want to proceed: [Y/n] y ``` The cause for this is there is a null `RArray` struct getting sent via a ptr to `ary_concat`, and then the program is trying to retrieve and set members of this null struct. A patch to fix would be similar to: ``` diff --git a/src/array.c b/src/array.c index 47d5ce8..838f6e4 100644 --- a/src/array.c +++ b/src/array.c @@ -256,6 +256,9 @@ mrb_ary_s_create(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self) static void ary_concat(mrb_state *mrb, struct RArray *a, mrb_value *ptr, mrb_int blen) { + /* FIXME: throw an error? */ + if (!a) return; + mrb_int len = a->len + blen; ary_modify(mrb, a); ``` As mentioned above, this also affected mruby-engine via this: ``` ./bin/sandbox:20: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x00000000000018 ruby 2.3.0p0 (2015-12-25 revision 53290) [x86_64-darwin15] -- Crash Report log information -------------------------------------------- See Crash Report log file under the one of following: * ~/Library/Logs/CrashReporter * /Library/Logs/CrashReporter * ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports * /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports for more details. Don't forget to include the above Crash Report log file in bug reports. -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0003 p:---- s:0010 e:000009 CFUNC :sandbox_eval c:0002 p:0201 s:0005 E:001598 EVAL ./bin/sandbox:20 [FINISH] c:0001 p:0000 s:0002 E:0019a0 (none) [FINISH] -- Ruby level backtrace information ---------------------------------------- ./bin/sandbox:20:in `<main>' ./bin/sandbox:20:in `sandbox_eval' -- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------ rax: 0x000000010b3bb420 rbx: 0x000000010b418d20 rcx: 0x0000000000000003 rdx: 0x000000010b3bb420 rdi: 0x000000010b3b3440 rsi: 0x0000000000000000 rbp: 0x00007fff55298f40 rsp: 0x00007fff55298f10 r8: 0x0000000000000000 r9: 0x000000010b3b4fa0 r10: 0x000000010b3c5ac0 r11: 0x0000000000000020 r12: 0x000000010b3b35a8 r13: 0x0000000000000000 r14: 0x0000000000000000 r15: 0x0000000000000000 rip: 0x000000010b29147d rfl: 0x0000000000010246 -- C level backtrace information ------------------------------------------- 0 ruby 0x000000010ab035d4 rb_vm_bugreport + 388 1 ruby 0x000000010a9a5023 rb_bug_context + 483 2 ruby 0x000000010aa78653 sigsegv + 83 3 libsystem_platform.dylib 0x00007fff9826d52a _sigtramp + 26 4 mruby_engine.bundle 0x000000010b29147d mrb_ary_concat + 29 5 ??? 0x000000010b3b3440 0x0 + 4483396672 -- Other runtime information ----------------------------------------------- * Loaded script: ./bin/sandbox * Loaded features: 0 enumerator.so 1 thread.rb 2 rational.so 3 complex.so <snip various gems> 185 /Users/<snip>/mruby-engine/lib/mruby_engine/mruby_engine.bundle 186 /Users/<snip>/mruby-engine/lib/mruby_engine.rb [NOTE] You may have encountered a bug in the Ruby interpreter or extension libraries. Bug reports are welcome. For details: http://www.ruby-lang.org/bugreport.html ``` After applying that patch to `ext/mruby_engine/mruby` and recompiling, that crash no longer happens. Cheers, Hugh